The impact of increasing diversity and shifting demographics in America
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
      
      Here, I review two categories of emotional antecedents to hierarchy maintenance – empathic and counter-empathic emotions – which directly impact the cooperative or competitive nature of intergroup relations.
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
      
      Hierarchy-enhancing myths support inequality between social groups
      
    
   
  
  
    
    
      
      This chapter extends classic social comparison research to explain how people think about group-based hierarchies and how they act within them.